Skip to main content
Login
  1. Home
  2. Colour Matters
  3. 12. John Ruskin’s Painting Materials: A Quest for Durable Colour between Industry and Nature
Open Book Publishers

12. John Ruskin’s Painting Materials: A Quest for Durable Colour between Industry and Nature

  • Tea Ghigo(author)
Chapter of: Colour Matters: Exploring Chromatic Materialities in the Long Nineteenth Century (1798-1914)
  • Export Metadata
  • Metadata
  • Locations
  • Contributors
  • References

Export Metadata

Metadata
Title12. John Ruskin’s Painting Materials
SubtitleA Quest for Durable Colour between Industry and Nature
ContributorTea Ghigo(author)
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11647/obp.0501.12
Landing pagehttp://www.openbookpublishers.com/books/10.11647/obp.0501/chapters/10.11647/obp.0501.12
Licensehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
CopyrightTea Ghigo
PublisherOpen Book Publishers
Published on2026-05-11
Long abstract

This chapter explores the impact of industrial progress on the artistic practice of John Ruskin, one of the most prominent art critics, cultural commentators and social philosophers of the Victorian era. Throughout his lifetime, Ruskin observed numerous technological advancements and often voiced his scepticism about their consequences. His critiques of industry, progress and other aspects of modernity sometimes earned him a reputation as a nostalgic figure inclined to idealise the past. Drawing on archival and material evidence, this chapter explores Ruskin’s complex relationship with industrial colour manufacture. I

Print length24 pages
LanguageEnglish (Original)
THEMA
  • AGA
  • PDX
  • NHTB
  • DSBF
  • JHMC
BISAC
  • ART015260
  • HIS054000
  • SCI034000
  • LIT004130
  • DES003000
  • SOC002010
Keywords
  • Colour studies
  • Material culture
  • History of science
  • Art history (long nineteenth century)
  • Pigments and dyes
  • Empire and identity
Locations
Landing PageFull text URLPlatform
PDFhttps://www.openbookpublishers.com/books/10.11647/obp.0501/chapters/10.11647/obp.0501.12Landing pagehttps://books.openbookpublishers.com/10.11647/obp.0501.12.pdfFull text URL
HTMLhttps://www.openbookpublishers.com/books/10.11647/obp.0501/chapters/10.11647/obp.0501.12Landing pagehttps://books.openbookpublishers.com/10.11647/obp.0501/ch12.xhtmlFull text URLPublisher Website
Contributors

Tea Ghigo

(author)
History of Art, Materials and Technology at University College London
Fellow at Society of Antiquaries of London
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7109-6730

Tea Ghigo is a Lecturer in the History of Art, Materials and Technology at University College London and a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries of London. She holds a joint PhD in Archaeometry from the University of Rome La Sapienza and the University of Hamburg, and previously worked as a postdoctoral researcher at the Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford. Her research sits at the intersection of Heritage Science and Technical Art History, focusing on the material culture of Europe and the Mediterranean from Antiquity through the nineteenth century. Grounded in an evidence-based approach inspired by antiquarian traditions, her work combines close material investigation of artefacts with the study of historical texts to interpret the past. Passionate about museum communication, she is committed to expanding the visibility of materials and making techniques in museum narratives—both through her research and in her teaching—ultimately contributing to more inclusive and materially informed histories of art.

References
  1. Anonymous, ‘Beautiful Tar’, Punch, 15 September 1888, 123.
  2. Anonymous, ‘The Great Exhibition; about Dyes and Beauty and Coal-Tar Mauve and Magenta How Made Extraordinary Specimen of Aniline Art and New Colours.’, New York Times, 28 July 1862.
  3. Anonymous, ‘The Mauve Measels’, Punch, 20 August 1859, 81.
  4. Ayres, James, Art, Artisans and Apprentices: Apprentice Painters & Sculptors in the Early Modern British Tradition (Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2014), https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh1djn3.
  5. Berrie, Barbara, ‘Prussian Blue’, in Artists’ Pigments vol. 3: A Handbook of Their History and Characteristics, ed. by Elisabeth West FitzHugh (Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art, 1997), https://doi.org/10.2307/1506685.
  6. Barringer, Tim, ‘An Antidote to Mechanical Poison: John Ruskin, Photography and Early Pre-Raphaelite Painting’, in The Pre-Raphaelite Lens, ed. by Diane Waggoner (Farnham: Ashgate/Lund Humphries, 2010), pp. 18–32, https://doi.org/10.4000/miranda.2137.
  7. Birch, Dinah, ‘“Utopian Topics”: Ruskin and Oxford’, Essays in Criticism, 69.2 (2019), 117–35, https://doi.org/10.1093/escrit/cgz008.
  8. Bradley, John William, A Manual of Illumination on Paper and Vellum; a Companion to Manual of Illumination, 22nd edn (London: Winsor & Newton, 1880).
  9. Carlyle, Leslie, ‘Authenticity and Adulteration: What Materials Were 19th Century Artists Really Using?’, The Conservator, 17.1 (1993), 56–60, https://doi.org/10.1080/01410096.1993.9995075.
  10. ——, The Artist’s Assistant Oil Painting Instruction Manuals and Handbooks in Britain, 1800-1900, with Reference to Selected Eighteenth-Century Sources (Archetype Publications, 2001).
  11. Cook, Edward Tyas, The life of John Ruskin (London: George Allen & Company, 1911), https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511707490.
  12. Cooper, Suzanne and Richards Johns, eds, Ruskin, Turner & the Storm Cloud (Exhibition Catalogue) (London: Paul Holberton Publishing, 2019).
  13. Davis, Alan, ‘Technology’, in The Cambridge Companion to John Ruskin, ed. by Francis O’Gorman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015), pp. 170–86, https://doi.org/10.1017/cco9781107294936.013.
  14. Eastaugh, Nicholas, Valentine Walsh, Tracey Chaplin and Ruth Siddall, Pigment Compendium: A Dictionary of Historical Pigments (Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2004), https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080473765.
  15. Field, George, Chromatography; or, A Treatise on Colours and Pigments, and of Their Powers in Painting (London: Charles Tilt, 1835).
  16. Fox, Maurice Rayner, Dye-Makers of Great Britain, 1856-1976: A History of Chemists, Companies, Products and Changes (London: Imperial Chemical Industries, 1987).
  17. Gage, John, ‘A Romantic Colourman: George Field and British Art’, The Volume of the Walpole Society, 63 (2001), 1–73.
  18. Garfield, Simon, Mauve: How One Man Invented a Color That Changed the World (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2002).
  19. Gettens, Rutherford John and George Leslie Stout, Painting Materials (New York: Dover Publications, 1966).
  20. Ghigo, Tea, Michele Occhipinti, Andrew Beeby, Kelly Domoney and Daniel Bone, ‘Concerns over Colour Durability in the Nineteenth-Century Industrial Revolution: Insights from John Ruskin’s Teaching Collection’, Heritage Science, 11.1 (2023), 168, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40494-023-01010-6.
  21. Harley, Rosamund D., Artists’ Pigments c.1600-1835: A Study in English Documentary Sources (London: Butterworth & Co., 1970).
  22. ——, ‘Field’s Manuscripts: Early Nineteenth Century Colour Samples and Fading Tests’, Studies in Conservation, 24.2 (1979), 75–84.
  23. Harvey, Charles and Jon Press, ‘John Ruskin and the Ethical Foundations of Morris & Company, 1861–96’, Journal of Business Ethics, 14 (1995), 181–94, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00881432.
  24. Hunt, William Holman, ‘The Present System of Obtaining Materials in Use by Artist Painters, as Compared with That of the Old Masters’, Journal of the Society of Arts, 28.1431 (1880), 485–99.
  25. Kemp, Sandra, ‘Ruskin and “the Most Marvelous Invention of the Century”’, in Ruskin, Turner and the Storm Cloud (Exhibition Catalogue), ed. by Suzanne Cooper (London: Paul Holberton Publishing, 2019), pp. 103–07.
  26. Kirby, J.O., Marika Spring and Catherine Higgitt, ‘The Technology of Red Lake Pigment Manufacture: Study of the Dyestuff Substrate’, National Gallery Technical Bulletin, 26 (2005), 71–87.
  27. O’Neill, Henry, A Guide to Pictorial Art: How to Use the Black Lead Pencil, Chalks, and Water Colours (London: George Rowney & Co., 1861).
  28. Penley, Aaron, A System of Water-Colour Painting, 17th edn (London: Winsor & Newton, 1858).
  29. Ribeyrol, Charlotte, ‘Religion and Ritual’, in A Cultural History of Color in the Age of Industry, ed. by Alexandra Loske (London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2021), pp. 89–109, https://doi.org/10.5040/9781474206211.ch-004.
  30. ——, ‘Victorian Rainbow Makers: Variations on Colour Poetics’, Angles. New Perspectives on the Anglophone World, 4 (2017), https://doi.org/10.4000/angles.1548.
  31. ——, Matthew Winterbottom and Madeleine Hewitson, eds, Colour Revolution. Victorian Art, Fashion and Design (Oxford: Ashmolean Museum, 2023).
  32. Rowe, F.M., ed., The Colour Index, First Edition (Bradford: Society of Dyers and Colourists, 1924).
  33. Ruskin, John, The Complete Works of John Ruskin in 39 Volumes, The Library Edition, ed. by E.T. Cook and Alexander Wedderburn (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1903).
  34. Shires, Linda M., ‘On Color Theory, 1835: George Field’s Chromatography’, BRANCH: Britain, Representation and Nineteenth-Century History, https://branchcollective.org/?ps_articles=linda-m-shires-on-color-theory-1835-george-fields-chromatography.
  35. Townsend, Joyce H., Leslie Carlyle, Narayan Khandekar and Sally Woodcock, ‘Later Nineteenth Century Pigments: Evidence for Additions and Substitutions’, The Conservator, 19.1 (1995), 65–78, https://doi.org/10.1080/01410096.1995.9995096.
  36. ——, Jacqueline Ridge and Stephen Hackney, Pre-Raphaelite Painting Techniques, 1848-56 (London: Tate Publishing, 2004).
  37. Weigall, Charles H., Figure Drawing: Practical Instructions for a Course of Study in This Branch of Art (London: Winsor & Newton, 1852).
  38. Zollinger, Heinrich, Color Chemistry: Syntheses, Properties, and Applications of Organic Dyes and Pigments (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2003), https://doi.org/10.2307/1575449.

Export Metadata

UK registered social enterprise and Community Interest Company (CIC).

Company registration 14549556

Metadata

  • By book
  • By publisher
  • GraphQL API
  • Export API

Resources

  • Downloads
  • Videos
  • Merch
  • Presentations
  • Service status

Contact

  • Email
  • Bluesky
  • Mastodon
  • Github

Copyright © 2026 Thoth Open Metadata. Except where otherwise noted, content on this site is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.