The Cacophony of Colophons in the Cairo Codex of the Prophets

The Cairo Codex of the Prophets (Codex C) has been central to debates on medieval biblical manuscripts, particularly regarding its colophons and its supposed connection to the scribe Moses b. Asher. While the manuscript was once attributed to Moses b. Asher, modern scholarship has largely rejected this claim, favouring a later date of production, likely in the eleventh century. The study examines numerous colophons found in the codex, particularly those that claim to document its dedication to the Karaite community in Jerusalem and later in Cairo. These colophons have been the basis for narratives of the manuscript’s historical trajectory, including its supposed seizure by the Crusaders and subsequent redemption. However, through careful palaeographic and linguistic analysis, the study questions the authenticity of these colophons, suggesting that many may be later additions designed to enhance the codex’s status. The article argues for a reassessment of the manuscript’s provenance, challenging long-held assumptions and calling for further technical analysis to clarify the origins and history of this significant biblical codex.