Indigenous Mining: Ancient Wisdom and Modern Practice

Although dominant western narratives often imply otherwise, mining is not just a colonial idea or activity. First Nations have been mining and quarrying rocks and minerals for thousands of years, using the extracted materials for cultural, spiritual, medicinal, and practical purposes. The literature documenting the use of rocks and minerals by First Nations peoples has been produced by archaeologists, and very little is known about these activities within the context of mining engineering and geoscience. By documenting the knowledge, resource management and science behind First Nations use of rocks, minerals and mining, we can contribute to the decolonization of the mining sector, while also helping to drive much needed innovation. The mining industry is now evolving to focus more attention on smaller and lower grade deposits, reprocessing of waste, sourcing independent supplies of critical minerals, and Indigenous reconciliation. Continued advances in these areas, inspired from the lessons of First Nations mining, are needed to transition the industry on a path to social and environmental sustainability. Working with Indigenous peoples to incorporate Indigenous ways of knowing into mine design and reclamation could be the key to overcoming the challenges ahead.