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A Portrait of Samuel Hartlib: In Search of Universal Betterment

  • Charles Webster (author)
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TitleA Portrait of Samuel Hartlib
SubtitleIn Search of Universal Betterment
ContributorCharles Webster (author)
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0486
Landing pagehttps://www.openbookpublishers.com/books/10.11647/OBP.0486
Licensehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
CopyrightCharles Webster
PublisherOpen Book Publishers
Publication placeCambridge, UK
Published on2025-11-07
ISBN978-1-80511-691-2 (Paperback)
978-1-80511-692-9 (Hardback)
978-1-80511-693-6 (PDF)
978-1-80511-695-0 (HTML)
978-1-80511-694-3 (EPUB)
Short abstract The 2013 digitization of the vast Hartlib Papers archive highlighted the pressing need for a comprehensive modern study of Samuel Hartlib (1600–1662), a central figure in seventeenth-century intellectual life. Though educated in Eastern Europe, Hartlib spent his adult life in London, where he became a prolific correspondent and chronicler. His Ephemerides, spanning 1634 to 1660, and his extensive correspondence with leading thinkers across Britain and Protestant Europe offer an unparalleled window into the era’s religious, political, and scientific ferment.
Long abstract The 2013 digitization of the vast Hartlib Papers archive highlighted the pressing need for a comprehensive modern study of Samuel Hartlib (1600–1662), a central figure in seventeenth-century intellectual life. Though educated in Eastern Europe, Hartlib spent his adult life in London, where he became a prolific correspondent and chronicler. His Ephemerides, spanning 1634 to 1660, and his extensive correspondence with leading thinkers across Britain and Protestant Europe offer an unparalleled window into the era’s religious, political, and scientific ferment. This volume goes beyond previous studies in both scope and depth, drawing extensively on archival sources and offering new interpretations of Hartlib’s network and influence. Organized chronologically, it explores the wide-ranging social, economic, and ideological pursuits of Hartlib and his collaborators—many of them renowned figures in their own right—and his close alignment with the Cromwellian cause. Providing the most complete portrait to date of the Hartlib circle’s emergence and impact, this study sets a new benchmark for scholarship and invites renewed engagement with one of the early modern period’s most visionary projects of knowledge, reform, and communication.
Print length312 pages (xviii+294)
LanguageEnglish (Original)
Dimensions156 x 17 x 234 mm | 6.14" x 0.67" x 9.21" (Paperback)
156 x 19 x 234 mm | 6.14" x 0.75" x 9.21" (Hardback)
Weight443g | 15.63oz (Paperback)
618g | 21.80oz (Hardback)
Media6 illustrations
OCLC Number1550791087
LCCN2025465536
THEMA
  • NHB
  • JNB
  • DNBH
  • JPA
  • DSB
BISAC
  • HIS015040
  • POL010000
  • BIO006000
  • EDU016000
  • LIT004120
LCC
  • CT788.H34
Keywords
  • Samuel Hartlib
  • Hartlib Circle
  • Commonwealth and Protectorate
  • 17th-century intellectual networks
  • Hartlib Papers
  • English Civil War
Funding
  • Hartlib Fund
Contents

Introduction

(pp. 1–9)
  • Charles Webster

1. The Young Hartlib

(pp. 10–27)
  • Charles Webster

2. Communion of Saints

(pp. 28–77)
  • Charles Webster

3. The Hartlibian Resurgence

(pp. 78–129)
  • Charles Webster

4. Man of the Moment

(pp. 130–193)
  • Charles Webster

5. Phosphore Redde Diem!

(pp. 194–248)
  • Charles Webster

Epilogue

(pp. 249–258)
  • Charles Webster

Bibliography

(pp. 259–278)
  • Charles Webster
Locations
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Paperbackhttps://www.openbookpublishers.com/books/10.11647/obp.0486Landing pagehttps://www.openbookpublishers.com/books/10.11647/obp.0486Full text URLPublisher Website
Hardbackhttps://www.openbookpublishers.com/books/10.11647/obp.0486Landing pagehttps://www.openbookpublishers.com/books/10.11647/obp.0486Full text URLPublisher Website
PDFhttps://www.openbookpublishers.com/books/10.11647/obp.0486Landing pagehttps://books.openbookpublishers.com/10.11647/obp.0486.pdfFull text URLPublisher Website
https://library.oapen.org/handle/20.500.12657/108101Landing pagehttps://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/108101/9781805116936.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yFull text URLOAPEN
https://hdl.handle.net/2134/30814364Landing pagehttps://repository.lboro.ac.uk/ndownloader/files/60165476Full text URL
https://thoth-arch.lib.cam.ac.uk/handle/1811/927Landing pagehttps://thoth-arch.lib.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/e3ba382d-57d8-4bfd-a997-7a89b11ef5e0/downloadFull text URL
https://archive.org/details/da3926c2-ddb8-4567-b13e-1be2fee655abLanding pagehttps://archive.org/download/da3926c2-ddb8-4567-b13e-1be2fee655ab/da3926c2-ddb8-4567-b13e-1be2fee655ab.pdfFull text URLINTERNET ARCHIVE
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Contributors

Charles Webster

(author)
Emeritus Fellow at University of Oxford

Charles Webster studied at University College London, where he took a degree in Botany and Microbiology. From 1959 to 1965 he was a science teacher at the City Grammar School, Leopold Street, Sheffield. Simultaneously he began private historical studies. His first historical paper was published in the journal Nature in 1962. He obtained an M.Sc. and D.Sc. at London University. After a short spell in the Philosophy Department at Leeds University, in 1968 he became a research fellow at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. In 1972, he was made a University Reader, also attached to Corpus. He remained in this post until 1988, when he became a Senior Research Fellow of All Souls College, a post which he retained until his retirement. Currently he is an Emeritus Fellow at both Corpus and All Souls. In connection with his early work, especially 'The Great Instauration', in 1980 he was elected an FBA.

References
  1. Comprises publications edited and/or published by Samuel Hartlib considered in this study. Chronologically arranged and with compression of many of the titles.
  2. Ashmole, Elias, Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum. Containing Severall Poetical Pieces of our Famous English Philosophers (London, Printed by J. Grismond for Nath: Brooke, 1652).
  3. Akkerman, N., Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Hearts (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021).
  4. The digitised archive of the Hartlib Papers can be found here: https://www.dhi.ac.uk/hartlib/
  5. [Comenius], Conatuum Comenianorum Praeludia ex bibliotheca S.H. (Oxoniae Excudebat Guilielmus Turnerus Academiae Typographus, 1637).
  6. An Idea of Mathematics written by Mr Joh. Pell to Samuel Hartlib [untitled broadsheet; London, October 1638]. The title given here was adopted in the 1650 and 1651 editions.
  7. [Comenius], Pansophiae prodromus nova hac editone indicat praefatio S.H. (London: printed by M.F. for L. Fawne and S. Gellibrand, 1639). Two separate issues.
  8. [John Stoughton], Felicitas Ultimi Sæculi: epistola in qua, inter alia, calamitosus ævi præsentis status seriò deploratur, certa felicioris posthac spes ostenditur, & ad promovendum publicum Ecclesiæ & rei literariæ bonum omnes excitantur: publici juris facta à S.H. (Londini: Typis Richardi Hodgkinson, impensis Danielis Frere, 1640).
  9. [John Dury], A briefe relation of that which hath been lately attempted to procure ecclesiastical peace amongst Protestants (London: printed by I.R. for Andrew Crooke, 1641).
  10. [John Dury], Englands Thankfulnesse, or an Humble Remembrance Presented to the Committee for Religion in the High Court of Parliament (London: Printed for Michael Sparke Senior, dwelling in Green-Arbour, at the signe of the blew Bible, 1642).
  11. A motion tending to the publick good of this age and of posteritie, or, The coppies of certain letters written by Mr. John Dury (London: Printed by P.L. for Michael Sparke Senior, 1642).
  12. [Comenius], A reformation of schooles designed in two excellent treatises, the first whereof summarily sheweth, the great necessity of a generall reformation of common learning (London: Printed for Michael Sparke, 1642).
  13. A faithfvll and seasonable advice, or, The necessity of a correspondencie for the advancement of the Protestant cause humbly suggested to the great councell of England assembled in Parliament (London: printed by Iohn Hammond, 1643). Likely by Dury, but inscribed by Thomason ‘Ex Dono Authoris S.Hartlib feb 6 1642’.
  14. A copy of Mr. John Duries letter presented in Sweden to the truly noble and religious Lord Forbes: briefely intimating, the necessity of a common, fundamentall confession of faith (London: Printed by G.M. for Thomas Underhill, 1643).
  15. [John Milton] Of Education. To Master Samuel Hartlib ([London: for Thomas Underhill], 1644).
  16. The Parliaments Reformation... the Education of all poore Children (London: printed for Thomas Bates, 1646).
  17. A Brief Discourse Concerning the Accomplishment of our Reformation: Tending to shew, That by an Office of Publike Addresse in Spirituall and Temporall Matters, the Glory of God, and the Happinesse of this Nation may be highly advanced. Considerations tending to the happy accomplishment of Englands reformation in church and state: Humbly presented to the piety and wisdome of the High and Honourable Court of Parliament (London: s.n. 1647).
  18. A Further Discoverie Of The Office Of Public Address For Accommodations (London: s.n., 1648).
  19. [Cyprian Kinner] A continuation of Mr. John-Amos-Comenius school-endeavours, or, A summary delineation of Dr.Cyprian Kinner Silesian, his thoughts concerning education… translated out of the original Latine, transmitted to Sam. Hartlib, and by him published ([London]: Printed for R.L. [1648]).
  20. Londons charity inlarged, stilling the orphans cry (London: Printed by Matth. Symmons, and Robert Ibbitson, 1650).
  21. [Sir Richard Weston] A discours of husbandrie used in Brabant and Flanders; shewing the wonderfull improvement of land there; and serving as a pattern for our practice in this common-wealth (London: William Dugard, 1650). Later editions 1652 and 1654.
  22. [Cressy Dymock] The reformed husband-man, or, A brief treatise of the errors, defects,and inconveniences of our English husbandry in ploughing and sowing for corn (London: printed by J.C., 1651).
  23. — An essay for the advancement of husbandry learning, or propositions for erecting [a] Colledge of Husbandry (London: Printed by Henry Hills, 1651).
  24. Samuel Hartlib his legacie: or An enlargement of the Discourse of husbandry used in Brabant and Flaunders (London: Printed by H. Hills,1651) [followed by second edition, 1652, and third edition, 1655].
  25. Clavis apocalyptica, or, The revelation revealed. (London: Printed by W. D. for Tho. Matthewes,1651). At least 5 reissues in 1651, including a variant marked ‘Second edition’.
  26. Cornu copia, a miscellanium of lucriferous and most fructiferous experiments (London: s.n. 1652). Hartlib’s association improbable.
  27. A Designe for Plentie by an Universall Plantng of Fruit-Trees (London: Printed for Richard Wodenothe [1652]).
  28. [Gerard Boate] Irelands Naturall History. Being a True and Ample Description (London: for John Wright at the Kings Head in the Old Bayley, 1652).
  29. An interrogatorie relating more particularly to the Husbandry and Natural History of Ireland (London: Printed for Richard Wodenothe, 1652).
  30. [Cressy Dymock] A discoverie for division or setting out of land, as to the best form (London: Printed for Richard Wodenothe, 1653).
  31. The true and readie way to learne the Latine tongue (London: Printed by R. and W. Laybourn, 1655).
  32. Chymical, medicinal, and chyrurgical addresses (London: Printed by G. Dawson for Giles Calvert, 1655).
  33. The reformed Common-wealth of bees. Presented in severall letters and observations (London: Printed for Giles Calvert, 1655).
  34. The compleat husband-man: or, A discourse of the whole art of husbandry; both forraign and domestick (London: printed and are to be sold by Edward Brewster [n.d., c.1659]).
  35. Universal Husbandry Improved (London: Printed for R.H. and are to be sold in St. Pauls Church-yard [n.d., c.1659]).
  36. Austen, Ralph, A Treatise of Fruit-Trees, Shewing the manner of Grafting, Pruning, and Ordering of them in all respects (Oxford, printed for Tho: Robinson, 1653).
  37. Cheynell, Francis, The divine trinunity or, The blessed doctrine of the three coessentiall subsistents in the eternall Godhead (London: Printed by T.R. and E.M. for Samuel Gellibrand, 1650).
  38. Collier, Jeremy, [Comenius] A Patterne of Universal Knowledge (London: T.H. for Thomas Collins, Northampton, 1651).
  39. [Comenius], Lesnae excidium anno 1656 in Aprili factum fide historica narratum [Amsterdam, 1656].
  40. [Comenius] Opera Didactica Omnia (Amsterdam: 1657).
  41. [Comenius] Lux in tenebris (Amsterdam: 1657).
  42. Crell, Johannes, A learned vindication of liberty of religion ([London, s.n.] 1646).
  43. Dury, John, ‘Meditatio de dissidio ecclesiastia’, c.1630, HP 20/11/33A.
  44. — Israels call to march out of Babylon unto Jerusalem (London: Printed by G.M. for Tho. Underhill, at the signe of the Bible in Wood-street, 1646).
  45. — The reformed school (London: Printed by R.D. for Richard Wodenothe, [1650?]).
  46. — The unchanged, constant and single-hearted peace-maker drawn forth into the world (London: Printed by J. Clowes, for Richard Wodenothe at the Starre under St Peters Church in Cornhill, 1650).
  47. — The Effect of Master Dury’s Negotiations for the Uniting of Protestants ([London], 1657).
  48. Gauden, John, The love of truth and peace. A sermon preached before the Honourable House of Commons assembled in Parliament. Novemb. 29. 1640 (London: Printed by T.C. for Andrew Crooke in Pauls Church-yard at the Greene Dragon, 1641).
  49. Gilbert, Eleazar, Newes from Poland wherein is declared the cruell practice of the popish clergie against the Protestants, and in particular against the ministers of the city of Vilna (London: E.P. for Nathanael Butter, 1641).
  50. Hall, John, Horæ Vacivæ, or Essays. Some occasional Considerations (London: Printed by E.G. for J. Rothwell, at the Sun and Fountaine in Pauls Church-yard, 1646).
  51. — A Modell of a Christian Society…The Right hand of Christian Love Offered (Cambridge: Roger Daniel, 1647).
  52. — An Humble Motion To The Parliament of England Concerning The Advancement of Learning: And Reformation of the Universities (London: Printed for John Walker, at the Starre in Popes-Head-Alley, 1649).
  53. — Chymiatrophilos, Mataeotechnia Medicinae Praxeωs. The Vanity of the Craft of Physick. Or, a New Dispensatory (London: for Giles Calvert, 1651).
  54. Jessey, Henry, The exceeding riches of grace advanced by the spirit of grace, in an empty nothing creature viz. Mris. Sarah Wight (London: Printed by Matthew Simmons for Henry Overton, and Hannah Allen, 1647).
  55. Petty, William, The advice of W.P. to Mr. Samuel Hartlib for the advancement of some particular parts of learning (London: [s.n.], 1648).
  56. [Plattes, Gabriel], A Description of the Famous Kingdome of Macaria (London: printed for Francis Constable, 1641).
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  61. Snel, George, The Right Teaching of Useful Knowledg (London: William Dugard, 1649).
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  63. — A light to grammar, and all other arts and sciences. Or, the rule of practise proceeding by the clue of nature, and conduct of right reason so opening the doore thereunto (London: Printed by M. F. for John Bartlet, 1641).
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  78. — ‘Comenius and His Ideals: Escape from the Labyrinth’, in Samuel Hartlib and Universal Reformation. Studies in Intellectual Communication, ed. by M. Greengrass, M. Leslie and T. Raylor (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), 75–91.
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