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Proud to be Deaf: Saintliness in the Catholic Deaf community in South Africa from 1874-1994

  • Mark James (author)
Metadata
TitleProud to be Deaf
SubtitleSaintliness in the Catholic Deaf community in South Africa from 1874-1994
ContributorMark James (author)
DOIhttps://doi.org/10.36615/9780906785546
Landing pagehttps://ujonlinepress.uj.ac.za/index.php/ujp/catalog/book/200
Licensehttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
CopyrightMark James
PublisherUJ Press
Publication placeJohannesburg
Published on2025-05-29
ISBN978-0-906785-53-9 (Paperback)
978-0-906785-54-6 (PDF)
978-0-906785-56-0 (XML)
978-0-906785-55-3 (EPUB)
Short abstractThis thought-provoking book details the history of Catholic ministry to the Deaf community in South Africa over 120 years.
Long abstractThis thought-provoking book details the history of Catholic ministry to the Deaf community in South Africa over 120 years. This history provides a backdrop to Deaf people’s emerging understanding of themselves as a people embued with dignity and having their own language and culture. The philosopher Emmanuel Levinas’ understanding of saintliness, which is the ethical pursuit of prioritising one’s neighbour’s needs above those of one’s own, provides a lens through which to, both sympathetically and critically, read this history.The book ends by paying tribute to the Deaf people in the Catholic Church who contributed significantly to raise Deaf people’s awareness of their innate dignity and of sign language as a gift from God. ‘The book inspires newness, boldness, and resilience in ministry to approach the Kingdom of God and encounter the face of Christ crucified (crucified by the forces of phonocentrism and audism). There are many lessons to be learnt that gives voice and appeal to what Ruben Xulu’s image evokes: “Christ was Africa crucified”. In sum, the book pronounces words of blessing to remember and sign “a new journey” together from the heart.’Associate Professor Glenn Morrison, School of Philosophy and Theology at the University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Australia. BiographyMark James is a Dominican priest who has worked with Catholic Deaf communities in the Archdiocese of Johannesburg and the Diocese of Manzini, Eswatini for the past 20 years. He is co-ordinator of the Office for Ministry to the Deaf Community under the Southern African Catholic Bishops’ Conference (SACBC). He is also an honorary lecturer in the History of Christianity, School of Philosophy, Religion and Classics at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg.
Print length484 pages
LanguageEnglish (Original)
THEMA
  • NHH
BISAC
  • POL035010
Keywords
  • deaf
  • Ministry
  • Catholic deaf community
  • South Africa
References
  1. Primary sources
  2. Oral sources
  3. Fr Cyril Axelrod CSsR, interview conducted by Mark James, 20 September 2015, Dunnottar, Nigel.
  4. Jennifer Gillespie, interview conducted by Mark James, 12 November 2015, Heathfield, Cape Town.
  5. Carmen Kuscus, interview conducted by Mark James, 13 November 2015, Heathfield, Cape Town.
  6. Suzanne Lombard, interview conducted by Mark James, 13 November 2015, Heathfield, Cape Town.
  7. Faith Cronwright, interview conducted by Mark James, 16 November 2015, Heathfield, Cape Town.
  8. Sr Liguori Töns OP, interview conducted by Mark James, 16 December 2015, Hyde Park, Johannesburg.
  9. Sr Macrina Donoghue OP, interview conducted by Mark James, 12 July 2016, Springfield, Cape Town.
  10. Sr Siobhan Murphy OP, interview conducted by Mark James, 12 July 2016, Springfield, Cape Town.
  11. Sr Jacinta Teixeira OP, interview conducted by Mark James, 13 July 2016, Springfield, Cape Town.
  12. Francois de Villiers, interview conducted by Mark James, 4 August 2016, Edenvale.
  13. Manuscript sources
  14. Archbishop Denis Hurley Archives: St Joseph’s Theological Institute (BIO 11C)
  15. Box 109: Archbishop Hurley Papers: KwaThintwa School for the Deaf 1982–1984
  16. Files: KwaThintwa School 1984
  17. Correspondence from January 1982–October 1985
  18. Box 110: Archbishop Hurley Papers: KwaThintwa School for the Deaf
  19. Files: Correspondence 1980–1981
  20. Correspondence 1975–1979
  21. Box 111: Archbishop Hurley Papers: KwaThintwa School for the Deaf
  22. Files: KwaThintwa School
  23. Correspondence
  24. Box 112: Archbishop Hurley Papers: KwaThintwa School for the Deaf 1985–1988
  25. Files: Correspondence
  26. DEH KwaThintwa
  27. Box 113: Archbishop Hurley Papers: General correspondence KwaThintwa Staffing
  28. Files: KwaThintwa/Inchanga HS
  29. Mandla Cele
  30. KwaThintwa: Staff matters
  31. Box 114: Archbishop Hurley Papers: Minutes KwaThintwa School
  32. Box: Bantu Education Act 1954
  33. File: Interview with SACBC delegation with Dr Verwoerd 2 Sept 1954.
  34. Archive of the Archdiocese of Cape Town, Cape Town (ACT)
  35. Box 299: Deaf community
  36. Files: Educational facilities for Deaf children
  37. Dominican School for Deaf
  38. Principal’s reports
  39. SANCD Biennial reports
  40. Archive of the Catholic Diocese of Manzini, Eswatini (ACDM)
  41. De Vittorio, Luigi M. Missione Africa (Rome: Marianum, 2004).
  42. ‘Elenco dei missionari arrivati in Swaziland a destinatie a questa missione, del principio 1913 al primi di dicembre 1945’,
  43. File: OSM 1939–1948.
  44. Fr Barneschi OSM, ‘The Catholic Church 54 years in Swaziland,’ 4.
  45. File: Paper of historical interest.
  46. Archive of the Diocese of Port Elizabeth, Port Elizabeth (APE)
  47. Box: St Thomas School for the Deaf, Woodlands
  48. Box: King Dominicans
  49. Box: Bishop Green: Correspondence to priests 1943–1960
  50. Cabra Dominican Sisters Archive, Cape Town (CDSA)
  51. Grimley School for the Deaf
  52. Box I: Education: Deaf education – Grimley
  53. Files: Grimley School correspondence
  54. Applications and appointments of teachers (1907–1912)
  55. Biennenial reports, 1943–1963.
  56. Biennenial reports, 1969–1971
  57. Brochure for celebration of centenary, 1973
  58. Miscellaneous: Hout Bay property, 1966–1973
  59. Dominican Grimley School, inspectors’ reports, 1893–1901 and 1973.
  60. Box II: 1993–2011
  61. Dominican School for the Deaf, Hammanskraal
  62. Box: Ministry
  63. Files: Board of management reports, 1962–1970
  64. Annual reports, 1965–1970.
  65. Hammanskraal
  66. Box: Ministry correspondence
  67. File: H writings
  68. Dominican School for the Deaf, Wittebome
  69. Box: Deaf education – Wittebome, miscellaneous papers
  70. Files: Story of Dominican Schools for the Deaf, Cape Town: Grimley and general
  71. Wittebome and general
  72. Box: Deaf School Wittebome, 2003–2010
  73. File: Photos and newspaper cuttings
  74. Box: St Dominic’s Convent, Wittebome
  75. Files: Convent history and some events, 1937–1875
  76. School for the Deaf, 1937–1982
  77. Catholic History Bureau, Johannesburg (CHB)
  78. Box: Dominicans 182 OP Convent Schools
  79. Files: St Vincent School for the Deaf
  80. Various School magazines
  81. Box: The Irish Dominican Sisters and their missions
  82. Files: Irish Dominican Sisters, Cape Town
  83. Saint Vincent School for the Deaf
  84. DeafSA Archive, Johannesburg:
  85. The Silent Messenger: 1937–1947
  86. –1995
  87. Historical Papers Research Archive, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (HPRA):
  88. Box AB1363 C51.1–51.17 CPSA Archbishops, Records – C, Clergy A-B
  89. File: AB1363/C51.13 CPSA Archbishops of Cape Town
  90. Clergy: Blaxall, A.W.
  91. Box: Federation of South African Women 1954–1963,
  92. Collection number: AD 1137
  93. King William’s Town Dominican Sisters Archive, Johannesburg (KDSA)
  94. Sacred Heart School, King William’s Town
  95. Box 1, Book 18: Annals 1897–1903; 1905–1906
  96. St Vincent School for the Deaf, Johannesburg
  97. Necrology: Box 19, File 349 Sr Gisella Greissl OP
  98. Box 20, File 376 Sr Cyrilla Hötzl OP
  99. Box 26, File 606 Sr Verena Huber OP
  100. Box 37, File 886 Sr Thomasia Knoepfle OP
  101. Box 57, File 1153 Sr Bernadette Oelofse OP
  102. Box 52a Johannesburg General Council – Lourdes Convent
  103. File: 506 Minutes: 1974–1979
  104. Box 150 Johannesburg St Vincent Convent and School for the Deaf
  105. Files: 1087 Annals 1934–1971
  106. Annals 1971–1995
  107. General notes 1984–1987
  108. Historical sketch Annals 1953–58
  109. Visitations 1936–1991
  110. Council meetings 1940–1963
  111. Box 151 Johannesburg St Vincent Convent and School for the Deaf
  112. Files: 1093 Community meetings 1950–1959
  113. Community meetings 1964–1971
  114. Minutes of community meetings 1972–1980
  115. Council meetings 1980–1992
  116. Council meetings 1974–1984
  117. School brochure: St Vincent for Deaf
  118. Community meetings 1988–1995
  119. Correspondence: Property
  120. Box 152 Johannesburg St Vincent Convent and School for the Deaf
  121. File: 1104 Brochures, programmes, magazines 1934–2009
  122. Box 153 Johannesburg St Vincent Convent and School for the Deaf
  123. Files: 1105 School documents
  124. Newspaper cuttings 1933–2004
  125. Documents related to move of Deaf school to Johannesburg
  126. Box Edu 27 Johannesburg St Vincent School for the Deaf, Melrose
  127. File: Quarterly magazines 1956–1971/School information magazines
  128. Box Edu 28 Johannesburg St Vincent School for the Deaf, Melrose
  129. File: Quarterly magazines 1964–1972
  130. Box Edu 29 Johannesburg St Vincent School for the Deaf, Melrose
  131. File: School magazines 1981–2001
  132. St Thomas School for the Deaf, Woodlands
  133. Box 124: King Williams Town Woodlands Maria Hilf Convent Mission
  134. School for the Deaf: White School: Xhosa School: Farm
  135. Files: 374: Annual Reports, School Reports 1925–1986
  136. : Correspondence 1906–1995
  137. Box 126: King Williams Town Woodlands Maria Hilf Convent Mission
  138. School for the Deaf: White School: Xhosa School: Farm
  139. File: 376: History of Property
  140. Redemptorist Archive, Cape Town (RA)
  141. Cyril Axelrod box: Papers (materials collected by Sr Mannes OP)
  142. Files: Newspaper cuttings
  143. Magazines file
  144. Correspondence file I
  145. Correspondence file 2
  146. Fr Cyril Axelrod: Life, work, spirituality of the Deaf
  147. Gallaudet College file
  148. Newspaper articles
  149. The Southern Cross
  150. Fr William Leeson, ‘Pioneer Work for the Deaf: Nuns First in the Cape to Care for Mutes,’ 25 March 1931, 12/260.
  151. ‘New School for the Deaf,’ 31 January 1934, 1/65 and 16/80.
  152. ‘Cathedral Mission for the Deaf: Sermons in Sign Language,’ 28 March 1934, 2/194.
  153. ‘Official Visit by Minister: Mr JH Hofmeyr at Deaf School,’ 15 August 1934, 3/515.
  154. ‘Concert by Deaf Pupils: Fine Work by the Dominicans,’ 5 December 1934, 17/801.
  155. ‘International Board for Africa?’ The Southern Cross, 24 February 1937, 11/147.
  156. ‘Mission for the Deaf: Fr T Gill’s Splendid Work,’ 24 March 1937, 2/214.
  157. ‘Fine New Block of Buildings at Wittebome, Dominican Sisters’ Splendid Work for the Deaf,’ 21 July 1937, 2/540.
  158. ‘Death of Colonel Rowland’, 23 April 1947, 1/159.
  159. Mary Singleton, ‘Monsignor Kolbe,’ 7 January 1948, 6/6.
  160. ‘Deaf Children Succeed,’ 25 February 1948, 2/72.
  161. ‘Visit to Two Catholic Homes,’ 15 September 1948, 6/377.
  162. ‘The Deaf Entertain,’ 26 October 1949, 2/410.
  163. ‘Helen Keller Visits Dominican School for Deaf,’ 21 March 1951, 1/133 and 12/144.
  164. ‘Forthcoming Exhibition at Dominican School for Deaf,’ 11 April 1951, 2/170.
  165. ‘Dominican Work for the Deaf,’ 25 April 1951, 12/194.
  166. ‘South African Boys Town,’ 1 August 1951, 10/368.
  167. ‘First Catholic School for African deaf in Transvaal,’ 13 June 1952, 1/277 and 11/287.
  168. ‘New School for African Deaf,’ 17 October 1952, 1/493 and 11/503.
  169. ‘Concern Or Schools for Deaf,’ 10 June 1953, 2/268.
  170. ‘Only Deaf-Mute priest,’ 2 September 1953, 11/421.
  171. ‘Another SA-born Bishop: Fr Ernest Green Succeeds Bishop Boyle,’ 4 May 1955, 1/205 and 11/215.
  172. ‘Mayor’s Tribute to Sisters: “Unselfish Devotion to Deaf children,”’ 16 May 1956, 12/239.
  173. ‘Two Good Things Clash,’ 12 September 1956, 12/444.
  174. ‘Work for Deaf Children,’ 29 May 1957, 12/268.
  175. ‘Permit to Open School for Deaf African Children Still Awaited,’ 12 February 1958, 1/73.
  176. ‘At School for the Deaf: “Only Love and Devotion Could Produce Such Wonderful Results,”’ 4 June 1958, 12/276.
  177. ‘Cape Town Nuns Plan to Start New Training for the Deaf,’ 29 October 1958, 12/528.
  178. ‘St Vincent 25 Years Work for Deaf Children,’ 1 April 1959, 2/146 and 11/155.
  179. ‘Nuns Are Up-to-Date in Training the Deaf to Earn a Living,’ 24 June 1959, 12/300.
  180. ‘Deaf School Extension Provided by Pupil’s Parents,’ 30 September 1959, 12/472.
  181. ‘Sister M. Cyrilla, Deaf School Pioneer,’ 21 October 1959, 12/508.
  182. Denis Hurley, ‘School Integration,’ 22 June 1960, 5/295.
  183. ‘Daughter-Foundation of CT Dominican School for Deaf,’ 24 January 1962, 12/48.
  184. ‘New School for Bantu Deaf,’ 14 March 1962, 12/132.
  185. ‘Jubilarian Taught Deaf for 44 years,’ 19 September 1962, 9/453.
  186. ‘New School for African Deaf is Joint Church-State Effort,’ 17 October 1962, 1/493 and 11/503.
  187. ‘These Deaf Children Do Not Even Know They Have Names,’ 31 October 1962, 11/527.
  188. Monsignor Desmond Hatton, ‘The Deaf to Hear…,’ 21 November 1962, 5/557.
  189. ‘Its Origin and its Aim,’ 22 May 1963, 1/241.
  190. ‘Dominican School for Deaf Commemorates Centenary,’ 22 May 1963, 1/241 and 2/242.
  191. ‘Teaching the Deaf: Public Address by Nun from Ireland,’ 28 July 1965, 12/360.
  192. ‘Chaplain Speaks on Work for Deaf at C.W.L. meeting,’ 29 December 1965, 4/616.
  193. ‘Bishop Green’s Life in Brief,’ 2 March 1966, 2/98.
  194. ‘St Vincent School Cracks Isolation of the Deaf Child,’ 27 April 1966, 4/196.
  195. ‘Africa’s Delegate to US Education of Deaf Congress,’ 2 August 1967, 3.
  196. ‘Spiritual Courses for Deaf People,’ 5 February 1969, 2.
  197. Desmond Hatton, ‘Deaf Deacon was Nearly a Rabbi,’ 1 October 1969, 6.
  198. Desmond Hatton, ‘Man of Serenity,’ 31 December 1969, 5.
  199. ‘Interpreting Mass for Deaf,’ 21 January 1970, 3.
  200. ‘Deaf Priest One of Only Three in World,’ 2 December 1970, 5.
  201. ‘More Priests Urged for the Deaf,’ 15 September 1971, 5.
  202. ‘Taught the Deaf for 37 Years,’ 22 December 1971, 3.
  203. Sheila Eakins, ‘Deaf Jewish Priest Celebrates in Signs,’ 26 May 1974, 4.
  204. Photo: Crucifix by Ruben Xulu, 13 November 1977, 1.
  205. ‘Deaf Artist Takes First Prize,’ 13 November 1977, 12.
  206. Cyril Axelrod, ‘The Church Has a Mission to the Handicapped,’ 1 October 1978, 11.
  207. ‘SA Deaf Honour Bishop Today,’ 29 June 1980, 8.
  208. Cyril Axelrod, ‘A Time to do More for the Handicapped,’ 10 May 1981, 10.
  209. ‘Centre for Adult Deaf,’ 19 September 1982, 1.
  210. ‘Deaf Wood Artist Dies Violently,’ 12 January 1986, 1.
  211. ‘Sermon for Deaf on TV,’ 7 June 1987, 1.
  212. ‘25 Years of Help for the Deaf,’ 13 September 1987, 5.
  213. ‘R19,7 Million Growth for Soweto Deaf School,’ 27 March 1988, 3.
  214. ‘Hundreds at Funeral of Bishop Green,’ 10 April 1988, 7.
  215. ‘Deaf Sign Language on TV Tonight,’ 17 April 1988, 1.
  216. ‘Sign Language Easter for Cape Deaf,’ 24 April 1988, 12.
  217. ‘SA Priest off to Work in Asia,’ 14 August 1988, 12.
  218. Sheila White, ‘School Gives Ears to Deaf Children,’ 9 June 1991, 7.
  219. ‘Deacon to the Deaf Ordained,’ 6 October 1991, 3.
  220. Nick Bruce, ‘Deaf Cape Student Graduates in US,’ 2 August 1992, 2.
  221. ‘School for Handicapped Reopens,’ 25 October 1992, 9.
  222. Photo: Ruben Xulu, 13 June 1993, 1.
  223. The Silent Messenger
  224. ‘The Coyne Voice Pitch Indicator,’ December 1937, 6.
  225. Arthur W. Blaxall, ‘Historical Review,’ April 1952, 2.
  226. Thomasia Knoepfle, ‘Education for the Deaf,’ April 1952, 3.
  227. H.S. Jooste, ‘The Rehabilitation of the Deaf,’ December 1955, 4–7.
  228. ‘A Well-Deserved Honour,’ July 1956, 4.
  229. E.S. Greenway, ‘Language the Basic Key,’ 27, 10, June 1958, 17.
  230. ‘Electric Baby-Alarm,’ 29, 1, December 1962, 6–7.
  231. P. de V. Pienaar, ‘Modern Development in the Field of Audiology,’ 29, 1, March 1963, 13–20.
  232. W. van der Sandt, ‘Audiology in South Africa,’ 31, 4, December 1967, 7–10.
  233. Norman Nieder-Heitmann, ‘Guest Editorial: The New Study at Cape Town,’ 32, 5, March 1968, 2–4.
  234. R. Corfmat, ‘Signs... Signing and Signers,’ 33, 2, June 1969, 16–17.
  235. ‘Problems in Deafness,’ 33, 3, September 1969, 8–9.
  236. ‘Letter to the Editor from Beryl Jones,’ 33, 3, September 1969, 20.
  237. ‘Editorial: Our Emblem,’ 33, 4, December 1969, 3.
  238. McCay Vernon, ‘Myths of the Education,’ March 1971, 16–17.
  239. ‘Robert Michael Thomas Simmons: Winner 1971 Wenner,’ December 1971, 22.
  240. Robert Simmons, ‘Deaf Education,’ March 1972, 24.
  241. Father Cyril Axelrod, ‘The Spiritual Welfare and Care for the Deaf,’ January 1975, 4–7.
  242. Cyril Axelrod, ‘Fr Cyril’s Trip,’ 42, 11, June/July 1975, 7–9.
  243. Frederick Schreiber, ‘Total Communication – As the Adults See it,’ 43, 11, September 1975, 14–16.
  244. K. van der Merwe, ‘Comment: On the Right Track of Oralism,’ December 1975, 12–13.
  245. Charles Chittenden, ‘The Paget Gorman Sign System,’ June/July 1976, 5.
  246. ‘Television for the Deaf?’ March 1977, 6.
  247. Norman Nieder-Heitmann, ‘Extracts from the Report of the One-Man Committee on the South African Sign Language at the 23rd Biennial Conference of the SA Council for the Deaf,’ 46, 1, March 1977, 14.
  248. ‘Die Geestelike Versorging van die Dowes,’ 46, 3, September 1977, 8–9.
  249. ‘Televisie Byna Toeganglik vir Dowes,’ 46, 3, September 1977, 9.
  250. Beryl Jones, ‘Fifth World Conference on Deafness Copenhagen. August 1977,’ 46, 4, December 1977, 6–8, 10.
  251. Father C. Axelrod, ‘Spiritual Welfare of the Deaf,’ 47, 5, March 1978, 4–5.
  252. ‘A Priest for the Deaf,’ 47,6, June 1978, 9.
  253. R.G. Brill, ‘Total Communication,’ 47,3, September 1978, 10.
  254. ‘Opmerking,’ November/December 1978, 6.
  255. Denton, D.M. ‘The Philosophy of Total Communication,’ 48, 3, September 1979, 15–16, 18.
  256. ‘Denton Speaks in South Africa,’ March 1980, 6–7.
  257. Frances Parsons, ‘Total Communication,’ 50, 3, September 1981, 8–9.
  258. Alan Jones, ‘Report on Sign language Courses,’ 50, 3, September 1981, 11.
  259. ‘Meet Some of Our Deaf: FOYSA Award for Alan Jones,’ 50, 4, December 1981, 8.
  260. Alan Jones, ‘International Conference on Sign Language,’ 50, 4, December 1981, 14.
  261. ‘Meet Some Our Deaf: Father Cyril Axelrod,’ May/June 1982, 7–8.
  262. Robert Simmons, ‘Deafness and Total Communication (1),’ Nov/Dec 1982, 7, 11.
  263. Robert Simmons, ‘Deafness and Total Communication (2),’ March/April 1983, 5–7.
  264. P. Mosifane, ‘Lucas Magongwa, the Road to Success,’ 58, 11, Nov/Dec 1989, 3.
  265. Henna Opperman, ‘Literacy Training for Deaf Adults,’ 59, 3, March 1990, 1.
  266. John Perks, ‘Deaf Students Give Signing Lessons,’ 59, 6, June 1990, 3.
  267. ‘Fifty-Six Years of Service to the Deaf,’ 59, 7, July 1990, 2.
  268. ‘Training and Employment of Deaf Persons as Teachers,’ 60, 8, August 1991, 1–2.
  269. Robert Simmons, ‘What can the Deaf People do in the New South Africa?’ 60, 8, August 1991, 5.
  270. ‘Deaf to Play Increasing Role in Council Affairs,’ 60, 9, September 1991, 1, 4.
  271. Laurie Davids, ‘200 Deaf on March for Rights,’ Sunday Times, 8 September 1991. Reproduced in 60, 10, October 1991, 7.
  272. ‘Bruno Druchen Acts in America,’ 61, 6, June 1992, 1.
  273. ‘News From Natal,’ 61, 7, July 1992, 3.
  274. ‘Sign Language Expert Teaches in South Africa,’ 61, 7, July 1992, 3.
  275. ‘Sign Language Course at St Vincents,’ 9/93, September 1993, 8.
  276. ‘SA Nasionale Raad vir Dowes: Nuwe Komitees,’ 10/93, October 1993, 2.
  277. ‘Looking Towards the Future,’ 10/93, October 1993, 6.
  278. Wilna Opperman, ‘Bilingualism – a New Trend in Deaf Education,’ 1/94, January 1994, 1–2.
  279. ‘News from Affiliates,’ 2/94, February 1994, 5.
  280. ‘TV-Program vir Dowes nou ‘n Werklikheid,’ 2/94, February 1994, 8.
  281. Jeffrey Steele, ‘Project for Deaf Students at Wits,’ 5/94, May 1994, 4.
  282. ‘How did Sign Get Onto our Screens?’ 6/94, June 1994, 4.
  283. ‘Deaf Woman Attains Master’s Degree in the USA,’ 7/94, July 1994, 6.
  284. ‘Bruno off to America Again,’ 7/94, July 1994, 6.
  285. ‘SANCD Policy on Affirmative Action,’ March 1995, 5.
  286. ‘DeafSA to Attend Congress in Vienna,’ July 1995, 2.
  287. ‘The SANCD’s New Name,’ July 1995, 5.
  288. ‘Biennial Council Meeting/Tweejaarlikse Raadsvergadering,’ Nov/Dec 1995, 1–4.
  289. ‘Deaf Achievers/Dowe Presteerders: Lucas Magongwa,’ Nov/Dec 1995, 5.
  290. Saint Vincent Quarterly
  291. ‘Editorial,’ 1, 5, March 1954, 1–2.
  292. The Interested Teacher, ‘A Talk to Parents,’ 2, 1, March 1955, 3–9.
  293. Thomasia Knoepfle, ‘St Vincent School, Johannesburg: Report for 1955/56,’ 2, 1, March 1956, 1–5.
  294. Sr Hermina, ‘Home Responsibilities in the Education of Deaf Children,’ 3, 4, October–December 1957, 10–14.
  295. Sr M. Thomasia, ‘Report 1960/61,’ 6, 1, March 1961, 1–4.
  296. H. Reichenberg, ‘Hearing Aids and How They Function,’ 6, 1, March 1961, 10–19.
  297. Sr Hermina, ‘Speech for the Deaf – A Method in the Making,’ 9, 2, 1964, 3–15.
  298. ‘Schools of Thought at Variance,’ 9, 3, 1964, 1–4.
  299. Sr Thomasia, ‘The Sound Perception Method,’ 9, 4, 1964, 3–12.
  300. ‘Deaf Children’s Problems,’ 9, 4, 1964, 15–16.
  301. L.J. Paolo, ‘The Role of the Parent of the Deaf Child,’ 10, 1, 1965, 3–8.
  302. ‘Social Maturity,’ 10, 1, 1965, 8–9.
  303. Sr Thomasia, ‘Speechreading,’ 11, 2, 1966, 3–5.
  304. Thomasia Knoepfle, ‘Visit to the United States,’ 3, 3, 1967, 2–14.
  305. Alan Mansfield, ‘Some Views From the “Other Side”,’ 5, 5, 1970, 9–11.
  306. Thomasia Knoepfle, ‘Communication Problems of the Deaf Child,’ 5, 6, 1970, 13.
  307. St Vincent School Magazine
  308. ‘An Address Given by Dr Robert Simmons (Past Pupil of the School) at the Annual Prize Giving, December 1981,’ June 1982, 44–49.
  309. Sr Marita, ‘Principal’s Message,’ June 1982, 1–5.
  310. ‘Deaf Children Thrilled by Play Staged in Sign Language,’ December 1992, 9.
  311. E.J. Brown, ‘The Headmaster’s Report,’ 1995, 1–2.
  312. Sandy de Araujo, ‘Signed English or Sign Language in School,’ 1995, 95.
  313. ‘History/Development of St Vincent School,’ 1999, 5–6.
  314. The Star, Johannesburg
  315. T.A. Chittenden, ‘To the Editor of The Star,’ 26 October 1933.
  316. ‘School for Deaf and Dumb, Sectarian Issue Raised, Strong Criticism of Committee,’ 24 October 1933.
  317. ‘Teaching the Deaf to Hear,’ 23 August 1946.
  318. ‘Deaf Children March to Sound of Music: But They Cannot Hear It,’ 27 October 1960, 11.
  319. The Man on the Reef, ‘Silent Workshop,’ 30 August 1962, 6.
  320. Robin Hood, ‘At St. Vincent’s Her Spirit Found Liberation,’ 15 July 1964, 33.
  321. ‘Surprise for Sister Thomasia,’ 25 March 1969.
  322. ‘“Sister Chips” Says Goodbye,’ 3 November 1971, 27.
  323. ‘Hi-fi Helps the Deaf,’ 17 December 1971.
  324. ‘Learning Favours the Bilingual Approach,’ 23 September 1997, 26.
  325. Other newspapers and magazines
  326. ‘Parents to Protest: Deaf and Dumb School Transferred to R.C. Sisterhood,’ Rand Daily Mail, 17 October 1933.
  327. ‘Deaf and Dumb School, a Lively Meeting, Transfer to R.C. Sisterhood,’ Rand Daily Mail, 24 October 1933, 12.
  328. ‘Radio Teaches the Deaf: Afflicted Children Listen-in, Learn to Speak,’ Sunday Express, 18 July 1937.
  329. C. Alan Cook, ‘Breaking the Other Sound Barrier,’ Outspan, 25 November 1955, 42–45, 106.
  330. ‘Obituary: Sr Gisella Greissl,’ The Silver Star, 1957, 130.
  331. ‘The Personal Triumph of One Man!’ The Irish Independent, 29 July 1971.
  332. ‘Give Deaf Responsibility Says Priest,’ The Daily News, Monday, 28 September 1981.
  333. ‘Inspiring Sportsman Passes Away,’ The Springs and Brakpan Advertiser, 25 May 2001.
  334. Newspaper articles online
  335. ‘Benedict XVI Names Deaf Priest “Prelate of Honor”,’ Catholic News Agency, 27 March 2008. Accessed 20 September 2018, www.catholicnewsagency.com/news/benedict_xvi_names_deaf_priest_prelate_of_honor
  336. ‘Education Dept Preparing for SA’s First Sign Language Exams,’ The Citizen, 23 June 2018. Accessed 9 August 2018, www.citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/1961863/education-dept-preparing-for-sas-first-sign-language-exams
  337. ‘SA Sign Language Added to Curriculum,’ Cape Argus, 1 December 2014. Accessed 9 August 2018, www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/western-cape/sa-sign-language-added-to-curriculum-1788756.
  338. ‘SASL Soon to Become 12th Official Language,’ Cape Argus, 28 July 2017. Accessed 7 August 2018, www.iol.co.za/capeargus/news/sasl-soon-to-become-the-12th-official-language-10522103
  339. ‘SONA 2020: Read President Cyril Ramaphosa’s Full Speech,’ 13 February 2020. Accessed 22 March 2020, www.iol.co.za/news/politics/sona2020-read-president-cyril-ramaphosas-full-speech-42675302
  340. Email correspondence
  341. Doreen Hayhurst, DeafSA, personal email to Mark James, 20 September 2014.
  342. Cyril Axelrod, personal email to Mark James, 13 March 2015.
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